In the Attitudes Toward Own Aging subscale, of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, the self-perception of aging is measured on five items covering dimensions, such as current perceived energy, happiness, and usefulness in comparison with the past. The second stage of expectations occurs through encounters that elderly individuals have everyday life ( Levy, Slade, & Kasl, 2002). These aging expectations include trajectories of attributes that will increase or decrease at different points over the life span. First, there are the expectations internalized during the lifetime that preceded old age. The process by which individuals develop perceptions about themselves as old persons draws on two stages of expectations. Self-perception of aging is defined as a personal evaluation of one’s own aging. Older individuals’ internalized age stereotypes contribute to the formation of their self-perceptions of aging ( Levy, Slade, Kunkel, et al., 2002).
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Levy, Slade, Kunkel, and Kasl (2002) determined that self-stereotypes of aging, or older individuals’ beliefs about the elderly population, can affect their cognitive and physical functioning. These factors include physical characteristics, such as low grip strength or slow walking speed, as well as more subjective aspects of health, for example, self-perceived fatigue or health ( Fried et al., 2004).Ī depreciative self-perception of aging is another less frequently studied factor likely to characterize vulnerable individuals in old age.
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Therefore, recognition of factors that characterize vulnerable individuals is key to targeting preventive interventions. All these adverse outcomes can diminish the quality of life of older adults and compromise their autonomy.
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In this context, current public health priorities comprise prevention of age-related vulnerabilities, including falls, hospitalizations, and need for assistance with activities of daily living (ADL). With increasing age, older people become frail and vulnerable to a large range of adverse outcomes ( Fried, Ferrucci, Darer, Williamson, & Anderson, 2004). © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Aged, Frail elderly, Self-perception, VulnerabilityĪS the population ages, a better understanding of the aging process is important in order to improve quality of life among older people.
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The model posits enhanced individual and organizational outcomes when self-perception is accurate and diminished or mixed outcomes when self-perception is inflated or deflated, respectively. The evaluations/ratings may concern any of the key areas in personnel and human resource management such as training needs assessment, performance appraisal, or leadership behaviors. In this framework, “other-ratings” may be provided by subordinates, peers, superiors, or customers/clients, so that self–other agreement includes the entire 360-degree range of feedback sources available to a focal individual. Accuracy is defined as the degree of agreement between self-and other-evaluations/ratings.
Self perception definition series#
The model is based on a series of studies designed to enhance understanding of self–other agreement and the accuracy of self-perception. A conceptual model of self-perception accuracy is developed, and its managerial and research implications for human resources management are discussed.